Representation, Sexism, and Racism

Beck, Victoria Simpson ; Boys, Stephanie ; Rose, Christopher ; Beck, Eric “
Violence Against Women in Video Games: A Prequel or Sequel to Rape Myth Acceptance?” (2012) Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol.27 (15), p.3016-3031

Malkowski, Jennifer, and TreaAndrea M Russworm. Gaming Representation : Race, Gender, and Sexuality In Video Games. Bloomington: Indiana University Press , 2017 (BOOK)

Karen E. Dill, Brian P. Brown, Michael A. Collins “Effects of exposure to sex-stereotyped video game characters on tolerance of sexual harassment” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44 (2008) 1402–1408

Diehl, C., Rees J., & Bohner, G. (2012) “Flirting With Disaster: Short-Term Mating Orientation and Hostile Sexism Predict Different Types of Sexual Harassment”, Aggressive Behavior Vol 38, pages 521–531 (2012)

Fox, J. and Bailenson, J.N. (2009) Virtual Virgins and Vamps: The Effects of Exposure to Female Characters’ Sexualized Appearance and Gaze in an Immersive Virtual Environment” Sex Roles (2009) 61:147–157

Fox, J., Bailenson, J.N., & Tricase, L. (2013) “The embodiment of sexualized virtual selves: The Proteus effect and experiences of self-objectification via avatars” Computers in Human Behavior 29 (2013) 930–938

Fox, J. and Tang, W.Y. (2014) “Sexism in online video games: The role of conformity to masculine norms and social dominance orientation” Computers in Human Behavior 33 (2014) 314–320

Fox, J. and Potocki, B. (2016) “Lifetime Video Game Consumption, Interpersonal Aggression, Hostile Sexism, and Rape Myth Acceptance: A Cultivation Perspective” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 31(10) 1912–1931

Jessica M. LaCroix, Christopher N. Burrows & Hart Blanton (2018) Effects of Immersive, Sexually Objectifying, and Violent Video Games on Hostile Sexism in Males, Communication Research Reports, 35:5, 413-423

Lindner, D., Trible, M., Pilato, I., & Ferguson, C. J. (2019, July 1). Examining the Effects of Exposure to a Sexualized Female Video Game Protagonist on Women’s Body Image. Psychology of Popular Media Culture. Advance online publication

Lynch, T., Tompkins, J. E., Driel, I. I. V., & Fritz, N. (2016). Sexy, strong, and secondary: A content analysis of female characters in video games across 31 years. Journal of Communication, 66, 564-584

Suarez, E. and Gadalla T. (2010) “Stop Blaming the Victim: A Meta- Analysis on Rape Myth” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25(11) 2010–2035

Yao, M.Z., Mahood, C., Linz D. (2009) “Sexual Priming, Gender Stereotyping, and Likelihood to Sexually Harass: Examining the Cognitive Effects of Playing a Sexually-Explicit Video Game”, Sex Roles (2010) 62:77–88

Anita Sarkeesian, “9 tips For Designing Better Female Characters in Video Games” (e-book)

Feminist Frequency: Tropes vs. Women in Video Games (VIDEOS)

I’m a 12-year-old girl. Why don’t the characters in my apps look like me? (2015)

The Cake Is a Lie: Sexism Isn’t a Boss Gamer Girls Can Beat (2017)

Female Representation in Videogames Isn’t Getting Any Better (2019)

Online Harassment: Summary and Findings (2014)

Sexual harassment in the world of video gaming (2012)

Time For Harassers To Be Held Accountable, Female Gamer Says (2018)

IGDA issues statement on the #metoo sexual harassment social media revelations (2017)

Why Are So Few Women Creating Video Games? (2012)

Inside the Culture Of Sexism At Riot Games (2018)

Dean, Sam (2018) “At Riot Games, an outcry over sexism, harassment; Firm is acting to address complaints, but some workers ‘are silently giving up’”   Los Angeles Times ; Los Angeles, Calif. [Los Angeles, Calif]14 Oct 2018: C.1.

Riot Employees Say Company Has Made real Progress Fixing Its Sexism Issues (2019)

The State Of California Is Investigating Riot Games For Gender Discrimination [Update: Riot Responds] (2019)

Ubisoft’s toxic culture problems allegedly span more than a decade of abuse (2020)

Dozens of Women in Gaming Speak Out About Sexism and Harassment (2020)

A Note About ‘Brutal’ Comments and a Kotaku For Everyone (2013)

Gaming While Male: A ‘Privilege’ Few Men Recognize (2014)

#Gamergate Controversy Fuels Debate On Women And Video Games (2014)

#GamerGate: Here’s why everybody in the video game world is fighting (2014)

A 12 year-old studies the weird cost of playing as a girl (2015)

Digital Arabs: Representation in video games by Vit Sisler, European Journal Of Cultural  Studies (2008)

For Better or Worse, ‘Resident Evil 5’ Exposes Racism (2009)

Saleem, M., & Anderson, C. A. (2013). Arabs as terrorists: Effects of stereotypes within violent contexts on attitudes, perceptions, and affect. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 84–99.

Yearning To Be A ‘True Sport,’ E-Sports Group Changes Gender Rules (2014)

6 Sexist Video Game Problems Even Bigger Than the Breasts (2013)

Super Seducer is the last game we need in the #MeToo era (2018)